international relations

News Stories

The Ottoman Empire, Hungary, and the Protestant Reformation (I)

The fall of Constantinople in 1453 thrust the Ottoman Empire to the center of European affairs. News of the final collapse of the old (Eastern) Roman Empire spread rapidly throughout the continent and calls to fight the infidels were made by kings, nobles, and clergy alike.

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News Stories

An American Look at Napoleon’s “Dark Age” Press, 1810-1811 

Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte’s key to perpetuating the war despite setbacks was ensuring the compliance of the people at home. Thus total control over French newspapers fueled the constant call for more soldiers.

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News Stories

‘Challenging but Fulfilling’: Past, Present, and Future of Peacekeeping Missions – Interview with Dr. Antonio Garcia

We talked with Dr. Garcia about his book “South Africa and United Nations Offensive Peacekeeping Operations”, history of peacekeeping missions during the Cold War, actual and future challenges…

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News Stories

Fall of the Berlin Wall: The Night When the Autumn of Nations Got Heated – Editor’s Comment

Encouraged by the words of Günther Schabowski – “immediately and without delay”, the thousands of people took the opportunity, went out with hammers and chisels, and opened new crossing points on the Berlin Wall by force.

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King Harald Fairhair Unifies and Scatters Norway at the Battle of Hafrsfjord, 872

Harald I Fairhair (Harald Hårfagre, c. 850-c.932) the legendary and handsome heir to the Vestfold (Oslo) branch of the long-lasting Yngling dynasty, was ten years old when he became king following his father Halfdan the Black’s accidental death.

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