Concrete Ambitions: How the Eastern Bloc Built Its Cities in the 1970s
By the early 1970s, the Eastern Bloc had a housing problem it could not talk its way out of. Postwar migration to cities across Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the Soviet Union itself had outpaced construction for two decades, and planners in Moscow, Warsaw, and East Berlin faced the same arithmetic: too many workers, too few apartments, and a political system that had promised both full employment and a home for every family. The response was one of the largest urban-construction efforts in modern European history, and its architectural, social, and administrative scars are still visible today.
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1977’s Memorandum: Finding a Solution for the Arms Race
Italian memorandum from 1977 reveals three solutions for the problem of the arms race. The solutions proposed by the Soviet Union, Denmark and Warsaw Pact reflect the great tension that marked the geopolitical scene during the 1970s.
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